ABSTRACT
Objective: To review the research progress of the role and mechanism of adipokines in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in recent years. Methods: The domestic and foreign literature related to adipokines in the process of IVDD was extensively reviewed. The types and functions of adipokines, the role and mechanism in the process of IVDD, and the application prospects of intervertebral disc biotherapy were reviewed. Results: As a kind of bioactive substance secreted by adipose tissue, adipokine plays an important role in bone and joint diseases, metabolic diseases, and breast cancer. During IVDD, most adipokines can activate multiple signaling pathways by binding to autoreceptors, cause the proliferation and apoptosis of cells and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors parasecretions in the intervertebral disc, and lead to imbalance of intradiscal metabolism and establishment of the initial inflammatory environment, and finally cause the IVDD. Conclusion: Adipokines, as a biologically active substance with metabolic and immunomodulatory functions, play important roles in the occurrence, development, and biological treatment of IVDD.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To review the recent progress in the role of thrombospondins (TSPs) in synapse formation in the central nervous system (CNS). Methods: A wide range of domestic and foreign literature on the role of TSPs in the synapse formation of the CNS was reviewed. The role of TSPs in structural features, molecules, and related diseases was reviewed. Results: As an oligosaccharide protein, TSPs play important roles in angiogenesis, inflammation, osteogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. In the nervous system, they bind to voltage-dependent calcium channels, neuronectin, and other extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface receptors, and participate in and regulate multiple processes such as synapse formation, maturation, and function in the CNS. Conclusion: TSPs as an oligomeric extracellular matrix protein play an important role in the formation of synapses and the repair of synapses after CNS injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the protective effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on donor kidneys from non-controllable donation after cardiac death (DCD). Methods A total of 60 non-controllable DCD donors were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly based on the in vivo perfusion time of ECMO: test group 1 received EMCO perfusion for 2 h, test group 2 for 4 h and test group 3 for 6 h, with 20 cases in each group. Corresponding recipients were also divided into 3 groups, with 20 cases in each group. Meanwhile, 20 recipients from donation after brain death (DBD) with stable circulatory function were randomly selected as control group. Incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), primary graft nonfunction (PNF) and acute rejection of the recipients in different groups was compared. The indexes including graft function recovery time, urine volume on day 1 and graft function within 1 year after renal transplantation were compared for the recipients in different groups. And 1-year survival rate of the recipients and grafts after renal transplantation was compared. Results Compared with the control group, various test groups presented no significant differences in the incidence of PNF, DGF and acute rejection (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, graft function recovery time prolonged significantly in each test group, which presented statistically significant differences (all P<0.05), while the urine volume on day 1 and graft function within 1 year after renal transplantation presented no statistically significant difference in each test group (all P>0.05). The 1-year survival rate of the recipients and grafts after renal transplantation was 100％ in various test groups and control group, which presented no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). Conclusions ECMO can protect donor kidneys effectively through assisting the circulatory or respiratory function of non-controllable DCD, and improve their utilization rate.